![]() ![]() Instruction for the back squat must be clear, concise and age-appropriate (refer to Part 1 for script).( 22, 23) If an athlete continues to demonstrate incorrect back squat technique, the practitioner should attempt to re-emphasize the instructions and/or provide a visual demonstration of desired movement (e.g., instructor demonstration, peer observation, video analysis). ![]() Practitioners should initiate corrective interventions by first assessing for miscomprehension of task instructions as the potential underlying cause for insufficient back squat performance. The underlying deficits for incorrect back squat performance may be due to a myriad of limitations including miscomprehension of exercise instruction, poor neuromuscular coordination and recruitment, insufficient muscular strength or joint stability, and/or joint immobility.( 22) The use of systematic analyses may help guide practitioners as they identify the underlying biomechanical or neuromuscular deficits responsible for poor back squat performance.( 22) Once deficits have been identified, or are reasonably suspected, targeted corrective interventions can be implemented to begin to ameliorate functional deficiencies. It is hopeful that these proposed tools will result in improved physical health and ability for individuals of all training levels through deficit correction and optimal technique acquisition of the back squat. ![]() ![]() Training interventions that incorporate squatting exercises have been shown to improve physical performance and to decrease modifiable risk factors associated with sports related injuries.( 8, 9, 16, 17, 21) Correct and consistent squat performance is a prerequisite to safe progression to more intense training activities involving more dynamic or high load squat related exercises.( 18) The back squat can function as both a fundamental training exercise and a screening tool to identify and correct functional deficits.( 22) Specifically, we have previously outlined ideal back squat technique with 10 position and movement criteria and pinpointed 30 functional deficits that can be identified with the Back Squat Assessment (BSA).( 22) The purpose of this follow-up commentary is to provide corrective strategies for each biomechanical deficit criteria.( 22) The following proposed exercises to supplement the BSA, inclusive of corrective cues, are designed to be effective training tools to enhance the delivery of back squat exercise instruction by practitioners. The back squat is a well-researched and widely utilized exercise that can enhance an individual’s ability to develop a fundamental movement competency for optimal mechanical strategies during a broad range of activities.( 2, 10, 13, 21, 25) Technical proficiency during squatting is beneficial for youth to help them correct and master optimal movement strategies during growth and development.( 12, 13) Likewise, the squat exercise can help youth and young adults to improve physical performance and health.( 18, 21) Adult and elderly populations can employ the squat exercise to promote daily living independence during activities such as sitting and lifting.( 26) Based on the lifelong benefit of the back squat, the ideal opportunity to master the movement is likely during youth when the neuromuscular system is highly plastic.( 23) ![]()
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